基于Internet的林业资源环境信息服务系统(FINFOSYS)研究

运用面向对象的思想和方法,设计并实现了基于Internet的林业资源环境信息服务系统——FINFOSYS,为林业资源和环境信息提供信息管理、信息共享、电子商务和分析决策等综合服务：在参照现有国家、行业相关标准的基础上,建立林业资源和环境信息共享标准和共享规范,在此基础上建立林业资源环境分布式网络数据库及共享网络系统;设计林业资源环境数据仓库,开展多维数据的在线分析、数据挖掘并建立网络运行的统计和分析模型,实现林业资源环境在线决策支持的网络系统;根据林业资源环境有偿信息的特点,设计电子商务系统,实现林业信息产品的网上交易和交流。     

Surveying farmers' agroforestry plots: experiences in evaluating alley-cropping and tree border technologies in Western Kenya

Evaluation of existing on-farm agroforestry plots should provide useful supplementary information for the design of improved agroforestry systems, in both research and development projects. Such evaluation has been little used, however, largely due to the methodological difficulties of surveying highly variable on-farm plots, and difficulties in identifying key variables for measurement. This paper describes a set of methods and tools used in evaluating plots of alley-cropping and tree borders around crop fields established by farmers working with the CARE Agroforestry Extension Project in western Kenya. Details of survey design, sampling, and implementation are discussed, and suggestions made for carrying out agroforestry surveys in other projects. A condensed version of the questionnaire is appended.     

辽宁省松毛虫监测预报信息管理系统的研究

利用计算机技术，采用Visual Foxpro 6．0可视化数据库开发工具，建立了辽宁省松毛虫监测预报信息管理系统，实现了对松毛虫的系统虫情调查资料、监测调查资料及小班虫情资料的自动化管理。可以完成包括松毛虫监测预报信息的自动填写、自动提供相应默认值、表内表间数据自动计算并生成汇总表、对原始数据进行逻辑判断和自动改错以及查询等多项功能。     

遥感技术在森林病虫害监测中的应用

本文结合雷达、航空和卫星遥感的技术特点 ,从 3个方面介绍了遥感技术在森林病虫害早期监测及预测中的应用。     

跟踪采访在参与式技术开发中的应用--以"滇西北农牧生计改良项目"饲料技术开发为例

为了解决滇西北农牧区的冬季饲料紧缺问题,在滇西北贡山县迪麻洛村进行了外来草种和青贮饲料试验.试验采用的主要方法是跟踪采访.跟踪采访的主要内容是监测试验的进展、农户所使用的传统知识以及农户对技术的评价等.在参与式农户试验的条件下,跟踪采访是参与式试验的有效互补手段.     

基于3S的生态环境动态监测系统的设计

本文以遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)、全球定位系统(GPS)为核心技术，探讨生态环境动态监测系统的三个子系统——生态环境动态监测子系统、生态环境数据库子系统、生态环境管理子系统的设计。该系统具有查询、统计、叠加、显示、打印等一般功能，也具有监测分析等特殊功能。其中．生态环境动态监测子系统包括遥感动态监测系统、地面动态监测系统。通过对这个系统的设计，可为生态环境的保护、治理、监测、规划等提供理论依据，也为土地资源、水资源的合理调配、利用服务。     

基于Oracle Spatial的水土保持监测空间数据管理方法

水土保持监测工作中包含了大量的空间数据,如何科学、合理、有效地组织管理这些空间数据和属性数据,促进水土保持的信息化和现代化建设,成为水土保持监测工作迫切需要解决的问题。本文以水土保持工作中的空间数据作为研究对象,分析比较了几种空间数据管理的方法,采用基于Oracle 9i数据库平台的Oracle Spatial存储水土保持空间数据,实现了水土保持空间数据和属性数据的一体化存储和管理。     

武汉桂子山地区冬季鸟类变迁研究

2005年11月至2006年3月,用固定样带法及辅助观察法调查记录了武汉桂子山地区冬季鸟类44种,隶属10目22科,鸟类密度为4.30只.hm-2,物种多样性指数为2.647 7,均匀性指数为0.699 7。过去的17a间(1990~2006年),冬季鸟类由61种变为44种,减少了27.87%,其中冬候鸟减少了66.67%,留鸟增加了28.00%;国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类减少了75.00%,湖北省重点保护鸟类增加了14.29%。分析了该地区冬季鸟类的变迁及其原因,并提出了保护建议。     

Concept and feasibility study for the integrated evaluation of environmental monitoring data in forests

In the 1970s unexpected forest damages, called “new type of forest damage” or “forest decline”, were observed in Germany and other European countries. The Federal Republic of Germany and the German Federal States implemented a forest monitoring system in the early 1980s, in order to monitor and assess the forest condition. Due to the growing public awareness of possible adverse effects of air pollution on forests, in 1985 the ICP Forests was launched under the convention on long-range transboundary air pollution (CLRTAP) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN-ECE). The German experience in forest monitoring was a base for the implementation of the European monitoring system. In 2001 the interdisciplinary case study “concept and feasibility study for the integrated evaluation of environmental monitoring data in forests”, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, concentrated on in-depths evaluations of the German data of forest monitoring. The objectives of the study were: (a) a reliable assessment of the vitality and functioning of forest ecosystems, (b) the identification and quantification of factors influencing forest vitality, and (c) the clarification of cause-effect-relationships leading to leaf/needle loss. For these purposes additional data from external sources were acquired: climate and deposition, for selected level I plots tree growth data, as well as data on groundwater quality. The results show that in particular time series analysis (crown condition, tree growth, and tree ring analysis), in combination with climate and deposition are valuable and informative, as well as integrated evaluation of soil, tree nutrition and crown condition data. Methods to combine information from the extensive and the intensive monitoring, and to transfer process information to the large scale should be elaborated in future.

Long-term growth analyses of Japanese cedar trees in a plantation: neighborhood competition and persistence of initial growth deviations

The individual growth of tree diameter at breast height (dbh) is analyzed in an even-aged plantation of Cryptomeria japonica from stand age of 45 to 94 years, to examine how the growth of individual trees has been affected by the changes in spacing resulting from thinning operations. At any age, a significant proportion (0.37–0.46) of the variation in dbh growth during a 5–11-year period was explained by dbh at the beginning of the period, probably due to greater leaf mass of larger trees. Next, either one-sided or two-sided competition was added to the model, by calculating the basal area (BA) of neighboring trees around each tree within a given radius or BA for trees having larger dbh than the focal tree within the radius. After preliminary analyses, a radius of 8 m was selected as the critical range for tree competition. Although both types of competition explained a significant proportion (0.09–0.43) of growth variation, one-sided competition was not significant at ages greater than 54 years. Based on the model at 45 years of age, the initial deviation of growth rate for each tree from the predicted rate was calculated and added to the models as a third variable. This raised the coefficient of determination up to 0.50–0.74. These findings have practical significance for forest plantation management, particularly for controlling the growth of standing trees via thinning, to produce high-quality timber in the future.